Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) pose significant public health challenges globally, particularly among high-risk mobile populations such as commercial bus drivers. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and knowledge of STI prevention among commercial bus drivers in Osun State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, sampling 400 registered intercity drivers using multistage sampling from selected urban and rural local government areas. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and health record reviews, capturing socio-demographic variables, sexual behaviors, STI knowledge, attitudes, practices, and health service utilization. Analysis using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression identified significant predictors of STI prevalence. Results showed that 53.8% of drivers reported a history of STI diagnosis. Multiple sexual partners, inconsistent condom use, frequent overnight travel, and extended working hours were significantly associated with higher STI risk (p < 0.05). Despite moderate awareness of STI prevention, behavioral and socio-economic barriers including stigma and limited access to sexual health services hindered effective prevention and treatment. The findings highlight the critical need for tailored public health interventions that address occupational mobility and behavioral risk factors in this population. Such interventions should promote education, increase condom use, and improve access to flexible screening and treatment services. Addressing these factors is vital to curbing STI transmission and enhancing sexual health outcomes among commercial bus drivers in Osun State and similar settings.