Abstract
This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) extract. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and in vitro antioxidant activities, including DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO), and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, were determined. The extract exhibited high phytochemical content, with TPC of 328.70 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract and TFC of 262.80 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g extract, indicating a rich presence of bioactive compounds. Antioxidant activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner. DPPH scavenging activity rose from 44.08% at 100 µg/mL to 78.10% at 800 µg/mL, while FRAP values ranged from 122.00 to 315.40 µM Fe²⁺, demonstrating strong reducing capacity. Nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities also showed significant inhibition, reaching 109.02% and 92.70%, respectively, at higher concentrations. The observed antioxidant effects may be attributed to the high levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, particularly eugenol, known for its free radical scavenging properties. In conclusion, Syzygium aromaticum extract demonstrates significant phytochemical richness and potent antioxidant activity, supporting its potential as a natural agent for managing oxidative stress-related conditions.