Abstract
This study examined the effect of public sector accounting controls on financial accountability in the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Finance and its agencies, focusing on two key independent variables of cash flow controls and financial statement accuracy with financial accountability as the dependent variable. Adopting a survey research design and a census approach involving a population and sample size of 233 respondents, the study utilized multiple regression analysis to evaluate the relationships among variables. The findings revealed that both cash flow controls and financial statement accuracy have a statistically significant and positive effect on financial accountability. While cash flow controls contribute to transparency and the timely disbursement of government funds, financial statement accuracy exerts a stronger influence by improving the reliability and credibility of public sector financial information. The model's R-squared value of 0.576 and significant F-statistic confirmed the robustness of the relationship between the variables. Based on these results, the study recommends the adoption of real-time cash monitoring systems, continuous training for financial personnel on IPSAS compliance and digital reporting tools, and the enforcement of internal control policies to enhance reporting accuracy. These measures are essential for strengthening accountability, transparency, and fiscal discipline within Nigeria’s public financial management system.