Abstract
This study examines the integration of local knowledge and community engagement in enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of development initiatives in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods research design, data were collected from 355 respondents through structured questionnaires, semistructured interviews, and case studies. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. The findings reveal that most households depend on subsistence farming as their primary food source, yet over 70% experience varying degrees of food insecurity due to inadequate finances, poor access to agricultural inputs, and climate challenges. Education levels significantly influence food security, with higher educational attainment associated with improved resilience and adaptability. Development initiatives such as climate-smart agriculture, school feeding programs, and microfinance schemes positively impacted food security and livelihood sustainability. However, they faced limited participation, insufficient funding, and insufficient community ownership. The study concludes that integrating local knowledge and participatory approaches enhances the contextual relevance and sustainability of development interventions. It recommends strengthening local institutions, promoting inclusive policies, and improving collaboration among stakeholders to ensure long-term success and equitable benefits of sustainable development initiatives in rural communities of Nigeria.